Dont get me started on the startrek reboot movies.
I'm not a great fan, but it's interesting to see (and one wonders whether the progress of the films earns Spock a bigger file than the "seventeen temporal violations" that Sisko was told that Temporal Investigations had recorded for Kirk...
How much red matter does the vulcan science council send with spock?
Perhaps, like a buffet, if there isn't too much, there isn't enough! Being prepared for any number of interventions would be more logical than just the one 'dose', and the chance of losing that. (
Or maybe a small quantity cannot be carried, indefinitely. There needs to be a large bubble of it, from which the appropriate quantity can be safely extracted almost immediately prior to use. The opposite of a fissile material, or exactly the same way as an evaporating black hole itself, without the side-effects.)
It's been a while, so I can't even begin to address your other problems, properly. Although superluminal 'blasts' seem to be a thing in the ST universe. (Except when a currently conked-out warp-drive needs to be hurriedly fixed, thanks to some Plot, said fix being applied just in time to switch from impulse to warp just in time to get up to speed to 'surf' the endangering wavefront of the 'merely' high-fraction-of-C explosive ring. (Tried moving out of the plane of the explosion, anyone?)) Remember, though, that E=mp
2, where "p" is the ultimate speed of plot...