do weapons like the Cernos, Paris, Dread or Daikyu feel different?
Yes. Cernos and its variants are speed-bows, Dread feels chunky, Daikyu feels like a longbow.
The Gorgon, Soma, and Supra?
Gods, yes. Gorgon is a minigun-rifle, Soma is a precision assault rifle, Supra is an on-demand bullet hose.
The Tiberon, Sybaris, and Quartakk?
Also yes. Tiberon is a proper variable-rate battle rifle, Sybaris is a cowboy lever-action repeater, Quartakk is a space-M16.
The Magnus, Marelok, Lex, or Vasto?
Most certainly. Magnus is a piece of shit, Marelok is a sawed-off lever-action rifle, Lex is a hand-cannon, and Vasto is a double-action revolver.
Just in terms of how they feel. Man, you
really didn't pick good examples, which kinda suggests you're one of those people who passively MR-ground most of the gear in the game without using it much. If you're wanting same-y comparisons, go for stuff like Braton/Karak, Grinlock/Sybaris, Boar/Strun, Attica/Zhuge, or the whole set of dual machine pistols.
Honestly it's a little hard to come up with genuine feel-alikes, which says DE did a pretty good job with weapon variation, considering how many there are. Granted, a decent chunk are borderline-useless gimmick weapons and variants that feel unique but fill the same role worse than other weapons of their class.