... I assume you have to leave diplomats active until you hit whatever your population cap is set to otherwise you'll keep getting immigrants. Any ideas about this?
Nope. I set my pop cap to 60, and I have exactly 60 population, no diplomats, no caravans. I'm now 17 years post-embark, and still at 60 population. ( [BABY_CHILD_CAP:0:0] )
Diplomats were NOT active when I got my last few waves and hit the cap. However, the "your fortress attracted no migrants this season" messages appears 4 times per year, even now. Presumably this means if you did drop below the cap, you'd get another wave. I'm testing today to see if I get more migrants if I increase the cap to 90 from 60. (in year embark+18)
EDIT:
Ok, so I've gone through winter->spring, spring->summer and summer->autumn with the pop cap raised from 60 to 90 and no migrants.
It's possible the diplomat notes how many you need above what you have, (and he did visit once in the first year before I turned them off) so I may have to re-enable it, let him come through once, then turn him off. Going to try that now.
Success!
I added
[ACTIVE_SEASON:WINTER]
in entity_defaults.txt of my saved raws for the dwarves.
and in mid-winter, an outpost liason was sent, along with a caravan, after none for ~18 years.
Now we'll see if I get migrants in the spring or summer.
...
Yep. Migrant wave mid-spring, in embark+year 20. I removed
[ACTIVE_SEASON:WINTER]
from entity_defaults.txt
after the outpost liason had left, but before the caravan had left. After the caravan departed, a few weeks later, migrant wave showed up.
So, I think it is safe to say the outpost liason is only required to visit ONCE. After that, you can turn him and the caravans off, and you're set, provided you don't want to increase your population cap beyond what was set when he visited that one time. However, you can always enable him again, so it's not a permanent change.
I'll update/reply when the migrant waves stop again. (hopefully at ~90 population)
Update:
At exactly 90 population, the migration waves ceased. "The fortress attracted no migrants this season".
Waves 7 through 10 were: 8, 6, 10, 6 (exactly 30) migrants, and then they ceased.