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[Dunamisdeos]

I know being at a higher z-level doesn't confer a ranged bonus of any kind, but does it confer a sight bonus? will a lookout dwarf at 10z in the air see things father off than if he were at sea level?

[Kaos]

I think is more like a fixed sphere centered around the creature, take a look in arena mode, people also say the observation skill affects it somehow.

[Garath]

I think is more like a fixed sphere centered around the creature

this

as I replied to a similar question a while ago, say someone has a sight of 20 squares on ground. At z-level +19 he'll just be able to make out the ground directly at the foot of the tower. at +21 he won't see the ground.

[Dunamisdeos]

Ah thats much easier to understand. Thanks for the xplanation =)

[FrankMcFuzz]

And as far as I understand it, the marksdwarf in the watchtower will not be able to shoot/see as far the dwarf at the gate, and the dwarf in the fortified will not see/shoot as far as the dwarf at the gate. Fortifications and height take a range penalty.
Here is a diagram.

===
>|  Tower. Less.
===                                                               g      g   g     g
                                                                          g   g    g
     Gate. More                                                g  g      g       g         Goblins. Pain.
                                                                         g       g    g
===
  X Fort. Less.
===

[kaijyuu]

Hrm, how does DF handle diagonals when it comes to distance?

If diagonals are counted as 1 space, then it's not a sphere that surrounds the dwarf, but an 8 sided polygon. Like two pyramids stuck together at the bottom.

[i2amroy]

I believe that diagonals count as their actual values (so a distance of square root 2). I know that they count as that for movement at least.

[Flying Dice]

I believe that diagonals count as their actual values (so a distance of square root 2).

I seem to recall this being the case.

[kaijyuu]

Sphere it is, then!

[Garath]

sight as a sphere is easily proven by playing adventure mode once

[Jurph]

Since the sphere has radius 20, and distances are calculated using √2 (1.414), the footprint of a tower decreases with Z-levels as follows:

Z-levels above ground	Enemies visible n tiles from tower
1-6	19
7-8	18
9-10	17
11-12	16
13	15
14	14
15	13
16	12
17	10
18	8
19	6
20	0

So dwarves on the sixth floor suffer no range penalty, but are at least six tiles away from surface troops trying to return fire through the fortifications. 

[Kaos]

in arena mode you can test it, even by spawning liquids you can cast a rock tower, spawn a dwarf at the top of it and take a look at what he sees when you take control of him...

it's not a spehere really but as good an aproximation of it as you can do with the in-game grid.

If I remember correctly, straigth lines north, south, west, east were like 25 tiles or so, and diagonals were less like 20 tiles....

[Nil Eyeglazed]

I know being at a higher z-level doesn't confer a ranged bonus of any kind, but does it confer a sight bonus? will a lookout dwarf at 10z in the air see things father off than if he were at sea level?

Kind of, and for the same reason: a higher dwarf will be able to see over intervening obstructions, where a lower dwarf might be unable to.