Of course, what physiological reason is it? Is it that dwarves have a greater muscle density, conferring greater strength and stamina? Wait...that could also explain their skill at forging metal and such (which I imagine is somewhat tiring), masonry (ditto), and why they prefer weapons like the axe and hammer...especially if their muscles don't allow for as fine of muscle control, explaining why they use bows and not crossbows! And elves are weaker and more fragile, but have more muscle control, so they can use swords and bows with great finesse, but not too much strength! Humans are in between, so they can use both kinds of weapons...Awesome! I just answered my own question and some others, too! Now we need to apply this logic to animalpeople to justify their strengths, and apply that logic to see what else they'd be good at.
Actually, no.
Masonry is not about muscle mass. Sure, you need a certain amount of it, but how good a job you do in laying down brick work or carving a smooth stone has much more to do with fine-tuned dexterity, knowledge of the working material, and trained hand-eye-coordination than brute force.
In short, there's no reason an elf wouldn't be as good at that, provided they are bulked up enough to meet the minimum strength requirements. In fact, elven dexterity would probably make them better at it.
The reason why dwarves are less capable of bowmanship is simply their height at play - a longbow is something like 6 feet tall. They favor powerful upper body strength, but also a relatively tall warrior. Strength would help more with crossbow reloading, though.
Really, I remember making a few comparisons between Dwarves and Neanderthals - Neanderthals were also shorter, hairier, stronger people than the humans they lived near. They were slower because of their shorter legs, and much less capable in grasslands or at long-distance running, but they were powerful in melee, and lived in forests where they could ambush prey from close range. "Prey" in this case were things like wooly mammoths that they attacked by jumping on its back and stabbing with a spear repeatedly while trying not to be gored by a giant enraged elephant-like creature. (The comparisons to dwarves are obvious.)
Humans, meanwhile, tried doing that silly little "stand away from the giant dangerous beast and shoot arrows at it" thing. Cowards.
Skeletal remains of Neanderthals showed they had an extremely high rate of injury, especially goring by mammoth tusks, including plenty of fractured skulls that were jammed through the brain because of their extremely risky hunting practices.
So, going back, don't think of swords as somehow more "finesse" so that suddenly strength doesn't matter. Get right down to it, and a cleaving-type sword is not all that much different from an axe.
Further, we are talking about very general trends - what this would better be represented by would be making different attributes have more overt play in the skills that are used. An exceptionally strong but clumsy elf, then, should be much like a dwarf, if we are just basing this straight off of attributes, right?
For this to make sense, you need to actually put attributes in a visible profile when you are assigning labors, however.