-snip-
I love it when the RNG generates puzzles like this. Since you can't just overwhelm it with explosives or sniping, you really have to stop and think out a plan of action.
Now, first things first, I would suggest you do not try to override the self-destruct link. Unless you know you're doing and know about the device in question that you're trying to unlink, you'll more than likely blow yourself up. At some point, you'll want to get your ship to someone with a good unlinking skill.
Unfortunately, that's going to difficult, since something about randomly generated abandoned stations attack droids is that they level-scale, so anything that is a dangerous threat to a low-level character will scale to impossible in the presence of high-level characters. That means that, until you neutralize them somehow, you're on your own here.
Now, you could simply kill the brain and hope it the drones don't have a contingency to go berserk in the event of their overseers death. Also, that will shut off power to the shields, so, unless or until you can reroute it, you'll be a sitting duck (and, again, no guarantee you won't have to fight off killer droids in the meanwhile). You can try to take the brain hostage, but you have no guarantee it won't do something tricky without your knowledge to kill you off.
Ultimately, how you solve this problem is up to you. You might want to consider a plan that plays to your strengths. For example, if I was in your situation, I would try to seduce the brain. I'd tell it to have it's attack droids wait outside the station so we could have some privacy, then, afterwards, I'd kill it. I hope that gives you some idea of what you want to do.