No, look, discrimination is actually a fundamental part of the way laws have to work. We have to discriminate between, for example, members of the military and civilians as part of determining whether or not a shooting was murder or an act of war. The 14th Amendment guarantees "Equal Protection of the laws" to all persons, so there's a basic expectation that no unnecessary discrimination will occur on the part of the government. Suspicious classes are classifications that mandate particular kinds of judicial review; that is, if you pass a law that says something about black people specifically, that law must be subjected to a higher level of scrutiny than other laws in order to ensure that it isn't being pointlessly evil about the whole thing. Protected classes are ones where the government has passed laws that require citizens and organizations not to discriminate on those lines, but that's a whole other thing - but I can just about guarantee you that any law that conflicts with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights will stand or fall on whether or not it actually violates any of the rights, and not on whether or not that violation is equitable.
See, the US actually does follow the UDHR, because that quoted bit doesn't prohibit any and all forms of discrimination, it just prohibits discrimination with regard to the other rights in the document. Did any of you even read it?