Besides what the people above said:
Military. Get it fast. Train it fast. Not because of siege pressure.
Actually, its because military takes an unreal amount of time to become good (just about realistic).
It takes years and years of game time to get a good military, and you often have less than that.
Military
-Get Fast
-Wooden Weps = Don't use (only for danger rooms)
-Get (real) weapons fast
-Crossbows burn too much wood in the beginning, don't use in beginning
-Siege weps are very very hard to use (dwarves will flee before they use it)
-Steel is almost a requirement (check for flux in embark)
-The weapons that you give your army to train with will have dwarves get attached to them quickly (why no wood weps)
-DANGER ROOMS! NOW! (Only way besides fighting to train armor and shield use) (upright spear traps , wooden spears, one each)
-Don't draft females (possible babies get in way)
-Military morale goes down if you don't give them breaks. One month out of four or five should be enough, with a good bedroom and dining hall
-Having six or so guards rotating in and out of service while watching your entrance is a GOOD IDEA (don't have to be highly trained)
-Entrance that is guard-able by 2-4 (all tiles have a dwarf in or adjacent to them, so no ambush or thief can get through)
-Good hospital is a must when the bigger sieges come in
- Yes, early military is important.
- Yes, training weapons are useless. Wooden "real" weapons are just as useless.
- Quite, even early iron weapons are good. Bronze is better. Steel is really good. Note that bronze colossi
cannot be killed with iron swords/axes/spears/etc(it won't cut through bronze).
- What? Crossbows(and bolts) can be made of bone and metal. And crossbows should be made of metal. Silver is best, because of its weight(they're basically hammers that shoot knives).
- Siege weapons being relatively useless has always been the case. In fact, ballistae have been nerfed. Before, a
wooden bolt used to disintegrate nearly anything. Now, call it lucky to cause a bruise.
- Very true, being attached to an item means they refuse to un-equip it, even if you order them to pick up something else.
- Don't forget the lever-on-repeat. Cat owners and mothers welcome.
- Always been an issue. On the plus side, free meat shield.
- Not really. I've had them on active duty for years at a time. Even when on duty, they tend to laze about unless they've got specific orders(and even then, they're lazy).
- Chained dogs are just as good. War Elephants or War Giant Eagles are even better.
- Again, dogs. (or elephants. Or Giant Eagles.)
- Good healthcare is more important for stuff from below, than siegers from above.