You should also be able to access it ingame by just hitting r.
There's a little C, H, and S that shows up at top right of the screen when there is a unread combat log.
C means there is actual lethal combat happening.
H means there is hunting happening, this typically also causes a C to show up, since to the critter, it is actual lethal combat, and it takes into account both sides of the battle's messages.
S means you have some soldiers sparring. Always nonlethal, and with a large military it becomes essentially constant. They can be ignored safely.
You just hit r and hit enter on the log you want to see. Topmost is the most recent, although theres usually 2 logs per attack. (The creature making the attack and the creature on the receiving end both generate separate logs of the event from their point of view.) The logs will go away after a time too but they usually hang around long enough to see all the data for a single siege and what have you.
The logs are also recorded into the gamelog.txt in the order they happen without the other formatting. But when all your soldiers have the same profession name it becomes difficult to tell who hit what unless they are all using different weapons.
EDIT: Wow yea, I'm in the wrong forum too, heh. Usually this question is asked about DF mode.
But yea all the stuff is listed in the gamelog in the order it happened. In adventure mode as well.