Having music notes rolling down the hallways is going to turn into a problem in a hurry. A flashing note or instument (perhaps both) on musicians would be a good starting point, but it doesn'yt really show what the range of the music is.
Perhaps another view mode would be needed, akin to the depot view. I know, nobody wants that, but it would only really be needed, until you developed a feel for what the range of a given level/type of musician was.
Alternatively, music could just fill the meeting zone/room it's being played in, but that costs us the fun of annoying the guy upstairs, with out wild parties.
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Meter probably isn't immediately relevant, but tempo, volume and mood would be great discriptors for songs and performances, with myriad applications.
Dwarves could have preferences for different tempos. i.e. Urist McRocker likes his music fast, etc.
Or, dwarves could prefer music based on the activity at hand. i.e. dwarves that don't dance well prefer to dance to music that isn't fast, but once they get better, they might prefer to dance to faster music.
Some combination of the two would probably be optimal, as some people prefer slower dances, even when they are very good.
Volume would be a similar situation. Wilder parties and larger rooms demand louder music, but if it's too loud, it should annoy dwarves who are trying to have a conversation.
Mood is trickier, since it isn't a nice one dimensional scale, but the same sort of composite approach seems the most effective (discounting the potential cost in implementation).
Dwarves could prefer music that ties into their current mood, in addition to having certain types of music that they just like the sound of.
Mood is also a really potent tool, since it's pretty subjective. What exactly TearfulAxes, a masterfully written slow, mournful tune, about the death of Urist McHistorical, in Y.193, sounds like will depend very much on the culture of the player.
Once you add instrument anmd subject preferences and on top of that, you have most of the foundation of why people like/hate different styles of music anyway.