easy stuff, really. you will still run about 10x designation phases with my method, but it will save you trouble as long as you keep your design simple. Oh, and I should note - I used vanilla construction methods for about a decade before switching over to DFhack, which lets you designated up to 10 x 10 of any given construction, and I would never go back.the vanilla 'tile by tile' method is far too aggravating nowadays.
Regardless, build your first layer of stone wall:
000000000000000
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
000000000000000
Surround the outside with up-down staircases, also constructed.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
X000000000000000X
X0 0X
X0 0X
X0 0X
X0 0X
X0 0X
X0 0X
X000000000000000X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Simply build the same exact thing on top, until you reach your intended height. The fact that each part of the stone wall is touching a tower of scaffolding means that you won't run into random cave-ins unless you are being super-thoughtless.
Finally, build a roof in whatever way you wish, I like using ramps, and simply deconstruct the scaffolding (updown stairs) layer by layer. Use cut stone blocks for extra speed in this endeavour. The desconstruction is the fastest part of this method.
While this is quite a bit more work than simply building an internal floor and growing outward from that, this method allows you to create internal spaces that are multi-z-levels high without a whole bunch of extra designation steps. This method also allows you to create tall, single-block wide walls, without having to build a walkway on each given floor.
One downside is all this extra construction does take a long time. But it saves you, personally, a bunch of annoying designations so that's why I stick with it. I tend to keep ~10 or 20 dwarves completely free of other work while building, otherwise it does take a veeeery long time for the largest constructions. Also, if you build the scaffolding out of the stone you will use for your next project, this method is essentially waste free. otherwise, you can dump / destroy the remaining blocks at the end of the process.
I know you mentioned not using up down stairs for personal reasons, however, maybe reconsider. individual staircases can be a headache.