To "copy-paste" labours in the game, the only real option is to use a macro: Ctrl+R, set the labours, go to (u)nit list Ctrl+R, then go select the dwarf you want to have the same jobs and Ctrl+P
Using skill levels for profiles can work indeed - I've used a legendary workshop to output spiked balls for the caravans while dabbling mechanic and carpenter jobs have make mechanism and make training spear on repeat.
Another note: Enabling all the labours on everyone....I think the main downsides are that you need to train dwarf up from dabbling in one go and that you may be prone to getting crappy moods. You can smooth and engrave your dining room more quickly overall if you have lot of idlers, but then you may get some artifact specters.
Other than smoothing and farming, you'll get also spills of masonry, carpentry, blacksmithing and mechanics as you do architecture such as bridges and furnaces.
Finally, speckling mining/woodcutting on everyone will mess up your (citizen's) milita, as well as ensure that any ambush onto a woodcutter will meet not just one woodcutter.
That said, there are lot of unmoodable qualityless labours, such as most of Farming category or all of healthcare. Meanwhile, most things under crafts are moodable, so you could make a "Minercrafter", for instance.
If you're using just shift-enter you might find the above useful.
On names....There are 65 jobs + hauling under VPL, but you can probably smoosh lot of it together and not care about others you never use such (you'll only rarely need anything but mechanics from under engineering, for instance, and dissection labours are even worse, only losing out to animal care). This means you can probably represent any job you care to name with two letters, perhaps 1 if you smoosh some labors together. Not that you need to do it, mind you.
Also, place your miners/woodcutters/hunters terms first so you'll not accidentally put them into military without disabling said labour.