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Carthage - we will rule the seas and plunder the ports of their riches!

Macedon Greeks - we shall defeat the impostors and restore Alexander's Empire!

Romans - our Republic will become the new power of the ancient world!

[Haspen]

Update 0: Excerpts from Cunn Aolgain's "Path of the Celtic Prince*"

Spoiler (click to show/hide)

No spaceships.

No restarting Civs.

Final destination: WIPE THEM ALL OUT!




Since time immemorial, the Celtic peoples knew how to mix tin and copper into bronze, and they also practised ritual burial. Archeologists are still unsure when the Celts developed these, but it was surely before the start of the fourth millenium BC.

Spoiler (click to show/hide)

The nomadic Celts migrated to a grassy peninsula isolated from the rest of the world by a mountainous area to the south and watery expanse everywhere else.

It was that place where Cardiff, the first true settlement and capital of the Celts, was founded. It was also the spark that inspired the Celts to scribble down some markings on a rock; the wise men of Celts later developed that into first true Alphabet; sources say it happened no later than 3800BC.



One tale describes how a group of Celts traversed the mountains and gained knowledge of the vast grasslands and spotted the mighty sea beasts, Whales, frolicking in the coastal waters. It's hard to pinpoint exact date of this migration, as written records did not exist back then, but the date repeated most often by the scholars is 3600BC.



The archeologists have established that the Celtic oral traditions of Mysticism did not originate from Cardiff itself, and was rather imported from the tales and mythos of some nameless village in the west. It might be or might not be the same group of settlements where a group of wandering bowmen joined the Celtic peoples, and set out on a great hunt for knowledge.

By the time of 3300BC, the Celtic peoples already dispersed from Cardiff somewhat; some taken on to the sea, sailing around the coastal waters in Catamarans, while others settled down on the other side of the mountains, in the city named 'Kells'.



First coins appear in the Cardiff vaults as a prize from a village even further to the west. Celtic bards inscribed this event in the 'Book of Prizes', the first Writing example from this civilization that is dated to 3220BC, which might be the time where those coins were brought back to Cardiff in the first place.



3100BC is the earliest possible date from where the written accounts of 'Crimes' and 'Punishments', two sets of judical principles, originate, which could be said became the basis of the very first Code of Laws of the Celtic people, said code being simple and brutal, as usual for the civilizations of the ancient times.



As noted in numerous other written works, the Celts of the ancient world often did not discover things on their own, but rather imported them via messengers sent from the mercenary bowmen charting the world. Indeed, the first examples of Pottery, dated about 3000BC, exhibit patterns and technique vastly different from the jars and plates just a half a century later.



It was just few decades later that the Celts seem to have truly turned from foraging and harvest of wild cereals (barley and millet) to true agriculture; the written records establish the edicts of Celtic warlord prescribing the digging of trenches and canals around Cardiff and Kells; the first such irrigation projects of the Celtic culture.

Another import of the nameless tribes was the handling of horses, possibly acquired as early as 2900BC; these Horseback Riding techniques found much use amongst Celts in centuries to come.



One ancient puzzle remains for the archeologists, namely records indicating existence of another 'Celtic tribe' in the west. It is unknown who these 'Celts' were, slaves or a random group of wanderers, but the 'settled' Celts clearly indicate a bond and friendship with those 'nomad' Celts, who later on migrated eastwards toward Cardiff.



One curious line in the ancient Celtic records contain the mention of the 'Paris' city, which 'had great minds'. The record is genuinely Celtic, although it is unknown how the Celts learned of this. As there are no other mentions of this, this mystery might never be explained.



By the 2700BC, the Celtic peoples have clearly begun to store their grain in hollowed-out clay buildings, their first true granaries.

It is thought that by this time, there was an established road connection Kells and Cardiff, and recent dating experiments on the soil layers do indicate some pressed clay deposits.

Spoiler (click to show/hide)

Despite meagre technological and urban progress, the Celts of early-mid 3rd millenium BC have possessed a vast amount of knowledge about their land and its surroundings; they knew of the fertile grasslands bordering Kells and about the massive Buffalo herds across the sea to the west of Cardiff, and even of the small isle of Taoilach to the south-east. They also knew about the harsh deserts and gold-rich mountains northwards, and the expansive plains further west.

They, however did not establish any contact with any other advanced civilization of that time, althought that was of course going to change.

[Sheb]

Oh yes, this is BACK!

[Haspen]

And I shamelessly copied Iituem's pseudo-history-book format for this one, too

[Haspen]

Update 1: Summaries of the Chapters of Gaól Tail Beonach's "The Ancient Kingdom of Celts during the 3rd Millenium BC"



The first date that is assumed to be ascension of King Cunobelin (named after the mythical chieftain of the Celts, Cunobelin), is 2660BC. Written records from that time point to an uprising or debacle of some sort that saw removal of the previous dynasty of despots to install a true King of the Celts, backed by both the priestly caste and the warriors.



By the reign of Cunobelin the III, the mysterious tribe of "nomadic" Celts from the west settled down on the other side of the grassland region northwest of Kells. These Celts had access to and tamed the first buffalos that were used for production of leather and bone crafts, which became the basis of the Celtic wealth in the mid-to-late 3rd millenium BC.



And thusly by the end of the 2500's, the Celtic tribe consisted of as many as one hundred thousand peoples, dispersed amongst three cities; Cardiff, Kells and Carmanthen. The possible clue for this sudden population increase might come from the evidence of the first mining of tin, copper and other metals that begun to shape the earliest metalworks of Cardiff.



The increase of urban popualtion also increased the need for larger number of priests and augurs; in turn, this increased the amount of population able to write the letters of Celtic alphabet. One of the Cunobelin dynasty kings have began an ambitious project of construction a Great Library of Cardiff.



The next urban center is believed to be Armagh; carbon-dating have pinpointed the earliest ceramic vessels of Armagh to come from about 2340BC. It is thought that Armgah served as a hub of the exchange of the various foods and sea products from the eastern cities for the leather and bone items from Carmarthen.



And thusly it was evident that the Celtic kingdom has begun a rapid urban expansion, with population reaching up to 200.000; the pottery fragments of Caernarfon dated 2220BC are used to prove that theory; and clay tablets recording the composition of the first highly-disciplined units of Celtic Phalanx are dated to the same year.

Other sources believe that it was around that decade that celtic settlers have boarded the vessels and crossed the straits leading to the lands northeast of Cardiff, which by itself amounted to half the Celtic population, that by year 2200BC reached up to three hundred thousand.



The emergence of the Phalanx had led to establishment of the first warfare codes, but more commonly it was known as the Warrior Code, a code of conduct during raids and ritualistic tribal skirmishes.



However, it took a while for the actual Celtic currency to develop; despite being able to smelt bronze and the 'prize coins' acquired as early as the start of 3rd millenium BC, first genuine Celtic bronze and copper coins come only from the end of that period; first flat coppers bore no images, but had etched city-name markings, for example 'CRDF' for Cardiff, or 'KLS' for Kells.

Spoiler (click to show/hide)

Some of these coins were marked with the letters 'TNGL', making them the earliest evidence of the existence of the settlement of Tintagel across the channel, a proof that Celtic Kingdom have not only scouted vast tracts of land, but also successfully migrated their peoples over the bodies of water.

It is unknown why exactly the Celts, used to open grasslands, chose to settle in much drier and harsher region, but some believe they might've done that simply because of shorter distance to the capital than the rest of the cities, as the written records of the period indicate that the road network was in its infancy, barely connecting only Cardiff and Kells.

And so, in rather 'short' period of 500 years, the Celts transisted from small tribal communities to a large territorial body of six settlements, with centralized government, literate priest caste and first hubs of commerce appearing in the agricultural and coastal settlements.

[Iituem]

And I shamelessly copied Iituem's pseudo-history-book format for this one, too

Huzzah!  Really quite enjoying this swift rise of the Celts; five centuries, going from mud huts to brick temples and coin-based taxation!  Ah, the glory days.

[Haspen]

Update 2: Excerpts from Boudicca Cuichlainn's "Gods and Kings: Summary of the Late Celtic Dynastical Period."



At the dawn of the new millenium, the Celtic population was still expanding in numbers, carried by the wave of previous centuries' urban growth. Various sources state various numbers, but the most common and the average of these numbers are around four hundred thousand.



An important event is marked in 'The List of Seas', where a ship of unknown origin was spotted off the coast of Kells. The fishermen of Kells tried to sail and greet the newcomers, but the storm broke out and cast the ship away from the coast. Cross-referencing this with the German 'Tale of Henrik' gave enough evidence to suggest that it was a ship of German origin.



This in turn provided a whole generation of scared people that did not want to anger the seas more, especially that the design of the ship was improved, and first graphical areas were made; the Map Making techniques were crude at the time, but still inspired many to depose the mayor of Kells.



The period of 1740-1720BC saw the rapid transition from rigid monarchy to a more feudal society, possibly influenced by some foreign tribe; the Celts knew their horses well and developed tactics against future possible attacks, as the mayors of the cities gained prestige and more authority. The King of course was still on top of the power ladder, but this feudal society paved way to a more group-based system that would emerge later.



The earliest mention of a completed Great Library of Cardiff comes from 1680BC; it has been theoretized that the various scrolls and brief visits by foreigners prompted the Celts to collect the tales and reports in written forms in one building.



It's the Great Library which housed the largest stash of clay tablets containing the names and rituals of the Celtic Pantheon; the Horse God on top of a family-structured grouping of animalistic and human deities alike. There are many influences of the German origin, however, and it is thought that the tablets were at least partial copies of some lost German listing - like those found in Caerphilly, suggesting that the city was founded no later than 1660BC.



'The Sword of Cunobith' is dated around 1620BC, and is thought to be the earliest preserved Iron Working example of the Celtic Kingdom. The sword was found in a burial mound at Carmanthen, just near the first Temple outside Cardiff built in the kingdom; previously only the capital city hosted a proper house of worship.



And there's still no explanation for a pair of Japanese chariots, dated c.1600BC, that were found in the burial mound of a Kells mayor, who himself perished in 1520BC. But the chariots are treated as an evidence of both the fact that Celts had knowledge of the Wheel, a crucial advancement, as well as more of brief contacts with foreign tribes. The latter has been attributed to the Catamaran crews still sailing boldly along unknown shores, only to return home to Cardiff, as evidenced in the records on clay tables, like 'Tablet of Inng' or Tablets 34, 37 and 61 of 'The Great Collection'.



The theory of Japanese-Celtic contact was further strengthened by the recent discovery of a clay tablet, 'Sixth Tablet of Teol', which described a city called 'Satsuma' on 'the forest-island north of the sands of Tintagel'.



It is unknown how exactly the Celts came to use complex mathematics (of ancient kind, of course), but the census records coincide with discovery of more purely mathematical listings from Great Library dated at the year 1440BC, suggesting a foreign influence once again.



At least three different tablets have cenuses of households; these censuses claim that Celtic Kingdom comprised of 70.000 homesteads; considering the model of ancient Celtic family, this meant about 10 people per homesteads.



Then we come to the first written record of official visit from the Japanese, to the city of Tintagel. A brief dispute over governmental systems ended in the Japanese raiding the Tintagel, only to be repelled in force by the Tintagel pikemen.



The sudden attack by the foreign troops seems to have spurred an architectural advancement; the houses began to be constructed not from clay alone but also from bricks and stone as well; the earliest of these 'mixed cottages' seem to come from the 1400BC.



The situation of the Cunobelin Dynasty turned worse by 1280BC, when barbarians from the seas attacked Caerphilly. This might've been the fuel for the riots that wracked Cardiff; tablets form the priestly caste suggest that the King was pushing his subjects too hard for taxes whilst not protecting them with enough military force.

By the 1240BC, riots were commonplace; the historians know of at least two more of such uprisings against Cunobelin's family, at Kells and Caernarfon.



The Cunobelin King was unaware that the Mayors of his cities were plotting behind his back; some secret correspondence between the Mayors of Kells and Armagh was found, describing 'a rejected plea for shared power', as well as certain government records of punishment of traitors from Tintagel, presumably after a riot occured there as well.



And by the 1220BC, the Cunobelins fell out of favor of both the Mayoral alliance as well as the common peoples of the Celtic Kingdom. Sparse tablets of these times suggest that Cunobelin King was slain or deposed, and his family disappears from history. The Celtic Kingdom effectively collapsed, and it would take several long decades of stagnation and conflict before a new government would arise from the ashes of the Celtic Kingdom.

[Haspen]

Update 3: Excerpts from Tainn Schoech's "Before St.Culbert: History the Early Celtic Republic"



In the year 1180BC, the Republican system arose from the ashes of the oppresive monarchy. It was the first time in which the common peoples, thanks to the boost in trade and production, enjoyed some first luxuries of the ancient world; salt, wine and metal crafts, previously allowed only for the use and enjoyment of the ruling family and priestly caste.



It has been recently discovered that the Celts possessed knowledge of ancient Construction techniques since about 1180BC, which come from the several clay tablets discovered at the site of the ancient Great Library. There are similarities in architectural designs of both Celtic and Japanese buildings, suggesting that these tablets were copied from Japanese texts.

The copy of Japenese knowledge would coincide with the sudden improvement of Seafaring techniques amongst Celtic sailors, with the earliest tablets for the teaching of young sailors coming from about 1160BC.



By the end of the second millenium BC, the Horse Equipment became more elaborate; stirrups and saddles in particular were first produced, and used, on horses. This led to development of horse archery, a craft that Celts would use for far-away expeditions, or, as records from the Tintagel prove, to effectively repel Japanese raiders.

Period of 980-780BC is thought to be a golden period of Celtic stability; whilst no much expansion or scientific progress was made, the Celts nonetheless enjoyed a previously unseen prosperity and security, as well as general happiness; with no uprisings or revolts noted.



The relations with Japanese were hostile at best; mutiple petty declarations of war were issued by both sides, and rarely did the Japanese and Celts cooperate in any affairs.



It wasn't till 740BC that Celts have mastered the art of Engineering. Pulleys and water screws became commonplace, as well as the first forays into automated bow - a crossbow.



A brief merger of Japanese and Celtic cultures happened in 540BC, when a captive Japanese general of Chinese descent, Sun Tzu, have changed sides after twenty years of captivity. He quickly merged the Japanese tactical principles with the horse prowess of the Celts, and the republican council constructed a military academy in Armagh.



The oldest examples of Celtic crossbow come from c.500BC, when engineering and simple water-powered machinery became commonplace, and Invention of new such devices became somewhat of a hobby of elder statesmen.



In 460BC settlement of Cork has been established north of Tintagel desert. It is thought that the mountainous range, separating the forested areas to the north from the desert, contained ores that were useful for Celtic engineers.



The earliest records of diplomatic relationship with the impoverished, mostly-conquered Americans comes from 420BC, when Tintagel horse archers met with Roosevelt's emissary at St.Louis, a city that was found near newly-established Cork. Said record, a clay tablet (partially damaged) speaks of a peace treaty and establishment of mutual borders between the two nations.



Relations with Germans must've been established around or shortly after 400BC, as there are numerous records of a trade caravan headed for Caerphilly.



The latter half of first millenium BC saw even more expansion of the Celtic Republic; a city of Rhymney, strategically located near the shore, gold deposits of Cainn mountains and the plains, was another of settlements founded by the republicans.



Whilst it was previously thought that ancient Celtic Philosophy flourished between 300BC and 200BC, it is now known that the father of the earliest natural theories was St.Culbert of Kells, who lived and gained notoriety in 320BC.

At first ridiculed and subjected to harassment from the Republic, he later managed to garner enough attention to warrant a large following; his disciples, like Ulster, then expanded on those ideas, or, like, Gaól, formalized Culbert's theories, after Culbert's death in 300BC. This allowed the martial, technically-minded Celts to enter a new age of enlightment, providing a fertile soil for the future scientific progress of the Celtic Republic.

[MonkeyHead]

YES!

I approve of this muchly.

[Haspen]

//Just for our local Welshman there, 2 updates in one day

Update 4: Paragraphs from Aen Tóll Gaevain's "Awakening of the Celtic War Spirit"



In existence since c.340BC, the outpost of Hannover was surely discovered by the Celts in c.220BC, and immediatelly have induced a response from the Celts.



The Celtic Republic pushed for removal of Germans, but their leader, the strong-willed Maria Theresa, would have none of it, and declared war. This gave Celts a reason to raid the city of Hannover; the debate on the course of action took the Republicans some years to settle, but the pro-conquest faction gained upper hand and the horse archers of the Celtic Republic were given an order to raid and capture the Germanic settlement



The raids continued for next 20 years, and horse archers, primarily from Caernarfon and Caerphilly, have worn down the defenders of Hannover and captured it in or circa 160BC. Only a small Germanic population remained in the city; the rest is thought to have perished during the subsequent pillaging, or they have fled the region, or both.



First Universities were created shortly after establishment of Banking methods in 80BC. In the same year, there seems to be a breakdown of relations between the Celts and Americans, as the latter declared war against the Republic.



This wasn't the end of woes of the Celtic Republic, as, like a certain tablet record suggests, the Japanese and Americans signed an alliance against Celtic raiders.



The alliance was ineffective, as the 'List of Triumphs' clearly records razing of St.Louis in 100AD, and then a great victory against American Phalanxes westwards of the ruined city about the same year. This set of victories against the enemies of the Republic instilled a feeling of pride and confidence in the Celts, setting the background for many later wars that would come out of Celtic desire for conquest.

[somemildmanneredidiot]

PTW

[Haspen]

Update 5: Selected paragraphs from Shawn Nangoilach's "For God and Country: Rise of the Celtic Knightly Caste"



The earliest mentions of heavy cavalry come from year 160 AD, when a unit of Cataphracts was commissioned in Cork. It was a change of the Celtic tactics, as before they favored swift raids of lightly armored horsemen. This unit was probably engaged with the Japanese equivalent in the Battle of Clover Field that occured later that year just north of Cork.



Scholars now believe that this mixing of heavy industry and warfare spawned some first parchment books on Economics, which would boost the income of the Celtic nation. Some believe that these mercantile ledgers were the first parchment books ever, having slowly begun to replace the clay tablets that were used by the Celts for millenia.



The true test of Celtic Cataphracts came in 320AD, when a strong army of Japanese Elephants, supported by some Cataphracts of their own, came against the city of Cork. Seeing the incoming horde, the combined force of Cork and Tintagel's heavy horsemen rushed forth. The outcome of the battle was a victory for the Celts, although Tintagel's unit suffered terrible casualties. By the end of the vicious engagement, the four-unit strong Japanese horde was reduced to about half a unit of Cataphracts.



Shortly after foundation of the settlement of Iona (in 360AD), we have the first recordings of a horse trade between Celts and the Carthaginians. It was the only record of peaceful confrontation, as subsequent meetings were on battlefield.



In the 5th Century AD, the old traditional codes of warfare were expanded upon to include the noblemen caste of Knights; they were sworn to uphold the values of Celtic spirit and to bring glory for the Horse God.

Some believe that this became the basis for jousting tourneys (first such was hosted to celebrate the foundation of the city of Rhondda on Horsehead Isle, in 460AD), and the strengthening of the Horse God's cult, which rather rapidly begun to shadow the cults dedicated to lesser gods of Celtic pantheon.



By the early 6th century, Celts have managed to overcome the lust for American blood and signed a peace treaty with them. The Celtic horsemen were still on the move however, moving northwards from Cork on a crusade to finally find and hopefully conquer a Japanese village or two.

However, by 600AD the crusading horsemen were recalled to Cork and Tintagel; it was evident that the American city-state of Chicago was in the way, and the Celtic senate did not wish to ruin the nation's reputation just yet.

It might be that city of Illauntanig was settled (c.620 AD) on the coast for the express purpose of preparing a coastal outpost that would provide the Celtic cavalry with transportation northwards along the coast. The location of the city of Satsuma was known to the Celts for ages, and thus provided the obvious target for the maritime forays of the Celts.



We know the exact date when the Celtic Republic became a purely monotheistic state; in the year 660, the 'Supremacy of Horse God' was proclaimed by the Senate, in which the Horse God became the sole figure of the Celtic religion, the other gods relegated to the niches of 'spirits' that governed the elements of the world (as the Celts of that time did not excel in purely scientific subjects). This in turn spurned the construction of Cathedrals and also incited some more religious of the subjects to try and codify the pslams and verses about Horse God.



It was that by 760AD the relations with the Germans normalized; the Celtic Republic was in the state of stagnation by that time. The 'Book of Treaties' from that year specifies that it was Celtic Senate itself that pushed for the treaty, mayhaps to lessen the burden on external affairs.



The most important was, however, the visit of the French emissary in Iona; it has been established, thanks to 'Book of Treaties' and 'Scripture of the Seas' that this meeting concluded in exchange of cultural and scientific knowledge; Celts acquired many manuals and even some specialists who were skilled in astronomical Navigation as well as principles of advanced Medicine.



It isn't mentioned in those two sources, but only in 'The Long List of Speeches' that Senator Gain have congratulated the Senate on establishing the alliance with the French. 'Long List' also speaks that the alliance saw a team of metallurgists and horse trainers sent to Paris.



The 'Book of the Sacred Horse' is probably the first concise Theology text on the Horse God's divine powers and omnipotence written by the Celtic abbot, McMulainn. The text is dated variously, but the carbon-dating narrowed the period to c.900AD.



It might be as well the codification of the Horse God's rituals and the surge in percentage of worshipping population that pushed the Republic to go to the war against the Japanese heathens after a brief cease fire. It was first time in Celtic history that a naval invasion would be undertaken; Caravels from Cork and Tintagel, loaded with zealous Knights, set sail toward Satsuma, the first of few such expeditions in the coming years.

This was also a significant date; it marked the shift from the roaming Celtic cavalry to more complex and diversified warfare, combining both the navy and the armies of the Republic.

[Haspen]

Update 6: Excerpts from Gawainn Teosiach's "The Republic During Japanese War"



The beginning of the conquest of the Japanese lands was the disembarkation of the Celtic Knights on the shores east and west from Satsuma in year 1010AD. The Japanese, not keen on erecting walls around their cities, met the Knights' offensive head-on. The equally matched garrison of Pikemen and Archers held the city for next several years.



However, the incessant attacks by the highly trained Knights have finally wore down the defenses of Satsuma, and in the tenth year of the siege, the city was captured and plundered, making it the first off-shore possession of the Celtic Republic.



After fall of Satsuma, the Japanese entered a brief period of negotiations with the Celts; but as the offer was not good enough for the Senate, the Japanese broke off negotiations and resumed the conflict.



The war machine of the Celtic Republic was further boosted by the genius Leonardo and his first automated workshop; it allowed for small-scale mass-production of newer types of weaponry, allowing the antiquated units to be trained and re-purposed on the fly.



Meanwhile, thanks to the French teachings of Chemistry and Sanitation, the sciences in the Republic were pushed forward; the pinnacle of that progress was the first Physics seminar held at University of Armagh.



That was however the last joint venture of the French and Celtic teachers; as Louis XIV broke the alliance in 1040AD.



As the Celtic Knights made inroads into the deeper parts of the Japanese Kingdom, the historian Herodotus of Cardiff finished his epic book on the most blessed and happiest peoples of the known civilizations. Some believe that Herodotus was biased towards his nation, but in recent times this theory was abandoned and it is thought that the trade in luxuries and entertaining games at numerous Colliseums did indeed provide happiness and stability for the Celtic peoples.



The matter of controversy is introduction of Gunpowder into the Celtic warfare techniques. Althought it is known that the Republican engineers were experimenting with early formulas of saltpetre and sulphur, the sudden emergence of few scrolls, with efficient formulas for true gunpowder, in the Great Library of Cardiff c.1060AD suggest that these were obtained abroad. Nevertheless, this resulted in first muskets being created, and thanks to Leonardo's automated workshop, first units of Musketmen were appearing in the Celtic garrisons within few years' time.



The population of the Celtic Republic of that time was swelling to almost 6 million peoples, and this required foundation of new settlements; Swansea, on the coast between Iona and Carmanthen, was the largest singular settlement of that time.



From the same year we have the 'Story of Cain Cochann', a Celtic diplomat who had visited the city of New York, occupied by the Japanese, in 1080AD. Due to the corruption going on in the city, he was able to sneak in, bribe some officials and provide detailed reports for the Celtic Senate. It might be the earliest to-date espionage account that we know of.




There are several state records from 1090AD; one half details emergence of new system for the Republican Senate, a Democracy, but the reforms were not passed because of the squabbling in the Senate.
The other records speak of an alliance between the French and the Germans, signed in the French city of Marseilles.



The truly unique Celtic achievement was the documented observations into nature of thermodynamics by St.Leif, who then put them into practice and created the first fully functional Steam Engine in the world c.1130AD. This would revolutionize the industry, and, as the further centuries would show, the naval practices of the Celtic Republic.

[Bacos666]

PTW.

Love the format change.