Conventional wisdom (I think Toady confirmed it) is that dwarf fortress uses modified A*. I don't know how modified it is but it seems to suffer from vast open areas, dead end passages, and excessively wide hallways. Sealing mined out veins or other unused areas helps. Traffic designations can help a lot. Placing high traffic routes on the main stairwell can make them actually take it all the way up to the destination floor without checking at each level if there is an alternate route. High traffic zones on main lateral corridors may help, but it may encourage the pathing algorithm to check down each of your lovingly designated main thoroughfares before going the rest of the way up the stairwell. Using traffic designations to prioritize vertical movement is usually the most helpful. You can also reduce the strain caused by large open spaces by connecting the doors with high traffic zones, so that dwarves will preferentially path from door to door rather than checking the rest of the room.
Be careful with using high weightings in traffic options. "Forbidden" is already pretty high, at 25 (normal is 2, high is 1). Before pathing across a tile of a forbidden zone, the dwarf must investigate all routes that cost less than 25. If you have wide forbidden zones, but dwarves keep taking jobs on the other side (traffic designations do not prevent this, they just muck with pathing), or you increased the traffic cost of forbidden zones in the init options to prevent them from doing this (it won't work), they might have to try to path across every other available tile in the map before confirming that there isn't a way to path around the forbidden zone.