All above ground crops need the farm plot to have or have been exposed to the surface. Further I am relatively certain no above ground crops will ever grow in biomes with the FREEZING token. Despite not always being cold Mountains have the FREEZING tag. I remember having a similar issue in a mountain biome and this was the reason I couldn't grow them.
There is not, nor has there ever been, a FREEZING token/tag anywhere in Dwarf Fortress - what you're thinking of is the "NOT_FREEZING"
biome group, which is just shorthand for "every above-ground land biome except for MOUNTAIN, GLACIER, and TUNDRA". It doesn't even care about the region's climate, just the biome type.
Specifically, it is
100% equivalent to individually specifying each of the following biomes: SWAMP_TEMPERATE_FRESHWATER, SWAMP_TEMPERATE_SALTWATER, MARSH_TEMPERATE_FRESHWATER, MARSH_TEMPERATE_SALTWATER, SWAMP_TROPICAL_FRESHWATER, SWAMP_TROPICAL_SALTWATER, SWAMP_MANGROVE, MARSH_TROPICAL_FRESHWATER, MARSH_TROPICAL_SALTWATER, FOREST_TAIGA, FOREST_TEMPERATE_CONIFER, FOREST_TEMPERATE_BROADLEAF, FOREST_TROPICAL_CONIFER, FOREST_TROPICAL_DRY_BROADLEAF, FOREST_TROPICAL_MOIST_BROADLEAF, GRASSLAND_TEMPERATE, SAVANNA_TEMPERATE, SHRUBLAND_TEMPERATE, GRASSLAND_TROPICAL, SAVANNA_TROPICAL, SHRUBLAND_TROPICAL, DESERT_BADLAND, DESERT_ROCK, and DESERT_SAND.