The simple version: I can't.
The longer version: I'm a hyper-multitasker, and I've found that, at least for starting out, I have to have certain periods of time where I do nothing in the game but wait for the dwarfs to get off their butts and accomplish tasks, because if I layer on too many tasks, then suddenly the miners are more worried about carrying products made by the other dwarfs to stockpiles than they are about clearing out the space I'm trying to create. (I'd be happier if the crafters would carry their own products to the stockpiles before starting the next project - that seems like a much more efficient method - but I'm not sure how to convince them to do so.) All that to say, I like to run something else in another window so I can be doing something rather than just staring at the screen and waiting for them to finish the first task so I can get the next task going.
But I can't.
It doesn't seem to matter if it's a browser, a smaller game like Minesweeper, or a folder, if I have ANYTHING open along with Dwarf Fortress, then my computer suddenly runs like I poured yogurt in the processor. Everything slows down to a snail crawl, both DF and the other program keep getting the '[Program] has stopped running. Please wait for it to respond' message, sometimes things crash, etc, etc. If I'm only running DF, no problems at all (so far, though admittedly I haven't played very far yet). But the instant a second program opens, it's goodbye processing speed.
Has anyone else run into this? Is there some magic formula or rain dance I can do to make it so I can have even just one more program running while DF is up? Or should I just grab a good book every time I sit down to play?
Thanks for the help.