Ok, so this is just a quick question but can dwarves wear all of the craftable armor pieces at once, only some at a time, and what should I equip a standard sword wielding squad with?
Thanks
~Lion
There are limits to what a dwarf can wear, and they can't wear a "full" suit of armour (one of each armour item) at once. because of a couple areas like not being able to wear leggings with greaves. The wiki page linked earlier covers layering limits and such pretty well.
As for what to equip a standard squad with. Assuming you aren't mucking about with layering and trying to maximize everything the following should be sufficient:
Item (Parts protected)
Helm (Head)
Mail Shirt (Upper arms, torso, upper legs)
Breast Plate (torso)
Gauntlets (Hands, lower arms)
High Boots (Feet, Lower Legs)
Greaves (Legs)
Shield (Chance to block attacks)
Weapon (Chance to block attacks)
Cloak (entire upper body)
All made from the best available metal except the cloak, which can be made of leather as cloaks can't be made of metal (usually...).
If you have Leather armour on, you CAN NOT wear a breastplate, so it's one or the other - breastplates are almost always better though.
Helms are strictly better than caps of the same material, don't bother forging caps.
Shields are your friend.
The cloak is optional, but they help quite a bit against syndromes from blood, and it can stop weak attacks like those from some wild animals.
I also use a leather hood normally, but they are far from needed if you have a helm of decent metal and quality.
If you want to go for overkill, extra layers like a 2nd or 3rd mail shirt, 6 cloaks, 6 hoods, etc. can help, but it's rarely worth the extra effort and materials.