It's not so much historically as biologically accurate. All depends on the sexual dimorphism of dwarves. Human females have significantly less upper-body muscle power, which would greatly impair their melee combat ability (or manual labor ability, eg. almost any dwarf job). Add that to the impact of pregnancy and breastfeeding combined with the lack of birth control, and it wouldn't even make sense to even train a married woman for the military - so almost nowhere people did. So, do you like butch, bearded, breastless female dwarves?
And in any case the option remains to push off childcare to servants, limit military service to celibate women etc.
There are ways around that - you can't avoid the actual period of pregnancy, but a little thing called "wetnursing" existed. Throughout history, women of wealth and privilege didn't stop their social or political lives for silly things like taking care of their children.
Further, male advantage in upper body strength is present, but a mere statistical average. Outliers exist. I know some women in the army that I'm willing to bet good money could tie you into a human pretzel. (Or just google the terms "Female bodybuilder"...)
Anyway, yes, realistically, women, and especially married women who were expected to be giving birth or who had children to take care of were not really allowed in front-line combat. However, at the same time, this was largely because restricting the rights of women to nigh chattel status has led to extremely high birth rates, which in turn leads to having more disposable children to throw into armies to further your culture's wars against other cultures, and a little Darwinian action means the most repressive societies win. However, I don't think we really want to turn DF into a game so realistic in its historical accuracy that we broker the trades of daughters and dowries between families, and keep female dwarves almost solely as housekeepers and child-raisers unless they're lucky enough to be a widow and can have some control of their own destiny.
A concept of daycare (or even a school) is appropriate for the kind of game situation we are left with. A government-run daycare for all workers that would include a function as orphanage would be the most sensical way to handle children in a fortress that expects a woman to be working almost without any sort of break for child-rearing.
In fact, working women generally don't wetnurse a full year. In fact, they typically switch to formula as soon as they have to go back to work, which raises a serious question of maternity leave. (I.E. the infamous giving birth on the battlefield in between axe swings. Or the even worse wardogs that give birth in the middle of combat only to have the newborn puppies join in the attack.)
Having a few nurses working on full-time babycare would make far more sense as a social institution than having a baby suckling while you're working the magma forge or while you are firing your crossbow from the fortifications.
In fact, even just professional, communal wetnurses would make sense in a DF style of gameworld. It is, in fact, how wolves take care of their young in real life - the alpha and beta females are the only wolves allowed to have children, but they're also needed in the hunt, so the delta females have a "mock pregnancy" to start nursing, and do the actual child-rearing. These delta females are typically also the older aunts or mothers of the alphas that have grown too old to hunt as well as their nieces or daughters, at that...
Anyway, I would like to ask if
hospitals are necessarily the best place to put infants?
I mean, I know this whole game takes place in a time before germ theory was popularized, but they did have the notion of a "quarantine" of the sick, and the idea of "miasma" coming from rot causing disease.
Why would you put your infants next to the guy vomiting his own insides out from a terrible and highly infectious forgotten beast syndrome?
Historically, you put orphans in an orphanage run by a church or the state unless someone was willing to adopt. If we're going to have a daycare system, however, it makes just as much sense to just make it all a new type of zone for generalized child-care.