As for furniture and the such, oak and cedar are good. Cedar is especially nice, since it is one of the lightest woods in DF. Good for shields, I guess.
But heavy materials are good for bashing heads in.
Yes, I forgot about this, dwarves love to shield-bash. I'm always concerned about the weight of my dorf's gear, since heavy uniforms can slow them down so much. Not that it matters much with "danger rooms" and training spears in this version, though. 40d habits that die-hard.
I like larch, cedar, ash and oak. Not sure why I like larch, maybe because its fun to say? Cedar is grown where I am from and it smells good and insects hate it. Good stuff. Oak is strong and woodish. Ash because the name is short and its elastic and strong enough to make bows from.
Maybe poison oak would be a favorite that isn't in the game. I bet Elves in DF would be immune and would artificially plant the things around their... forest camps or tree-forts or whatever they have, to deter critters and improperly clothed intruders. Also, its actually a very pretty tree, the ominous name aside.
Also, is there still Galrump and Featherwood or whatever it was? The super-heavy "evil" tree and the super-lightweight "good" trees? Haven't noticed them.
Morning.
This was my first impulse for a reply, but then I remembered how embarrassing it can be to have morning wood around in the barracks. Doesn't smell as good as cedar, either.