Could you try getting your miner retasked to construction and set to (be the only one) building a wall at the site you wish to mine?
Constructing with the nearest material to the building tile would be the first experiment (check if he/she starts to move there on the construction job) but then you could also try specifying one of the (now available) logs that are probably closer to their point of origin and see if they'll take them towards the site.
(Alternative, if it's awkward to strip other Construction tasks from everybody else, is make them your sole Architect and set up a 1x1 Bridge, towards which they'll first drag 'all' the one material they then need to fulfil the design for.)
If they won't (and I assume you already tried setting your miner onto a practibly adjacent bit of spare wall/floor, and ruled that out) try some other individuals who you've seen in the intended mining area, check their ability to pick up picks or build/design with materials (as above) and try to find differences/provoke any "No path to..."-type alerts.
(I also assume you're properly applying Standard mining designations, in muddy-beige, rather than Mark Only ones in dull-cyan, right?)
...though not applicable to this, as a take on anewname's side-suggestion I quite often do far more initial deforestation in the immediate start of a fort (partly make-work to get the woodcutter doing something now, before switching them to their (usually) mason co-profession later, but overwhelmingly to cut'n'clear as much of the planned ditching/undermining surface before the miners might get anywhere near tree-cave-in or surface-holing trouble. This gives me an immediate log surplus that is then put straight into 'picket walling', strategically on or near where I may later replace it with whatever stone (block) I find later in enough quantity. As such it also forms a Strategic Reserve of logs (and, when it mattered, not apparently bothering the elves, vs. log stockpiles) in case I need it. Normally for beds and other particular uses, though, as I tend to skip charcoal and delve for a magma industry.