I have built a few glacier outposts, mainly because the framerate is sky-high thanks to it not having to keep track of tons of animals and stuff.
Anyway, here's a few suggestions for those hardy enough souls to brave a glacier outpost:
Starting group:
* 3 masons (yes, 3)
* 1 mason/carpenter (so that's 4 masons)
* 1 craftsman (stone)
* 1 miner
* 1 miner/outpost leader (records keeping, appraising, etc)
Starting items:
* Drop the anvil. Don't need it.
* Drop all your steel axes, unless you want one or two to defend against goblins later on. Don't need them though.
* Don't need seeds unless you really want to cook them.
* Don't bring any animals except muskox and camels. Everything else will die of cold after a day or two. Damn cats.
* Spend all the rest of your points on: booze (40%), food (40%) and lumber (20%). Nothing else. Maybe a few cages or something or whatever else tickles your fancy. You'll have tons of leftover points.
Stuff to remember:
Farms: Forget about 'em. You will not find enough water or soil to grow anything anywhere in your fortress. So, how do you do things like eat or drink? You'll have to trade for them all, and buy as much booze as possible. Booze is what your dwarves will drink instead of water. It's a good idea to bring lots of plump helmets too so you can brew them if you start running low before the next caravan.
Wood, metal: Same. You probably won't find a lot of metal. Your wood will be used on beds and charcoal, and you can smelt whatever tidbits you find along the way. But don't expect to make this a big part of your fortress or anything. Conserve your precious metal supplies. You'll be buying all your stuff from caravans anyway.
Workshops: Make everything out of ice (or "water"). Bear in mind that if you build a workshop in the rock, underneath the glacier ice, it will melt. So use stone for that. Once you dig below the ice level you will find tons of stone anyway, so keep your workshops in the ice. Ice is useless except as building materials anyway, but stone can be built into precious trade goods.
Okay! So, how do you survive?
First off, you'll immediately find yourself on a glacier in the middle of nowhere. You'll want to burrow under the ice pretty fast; dig out a down stairway, then start digging out your tunnels. It'll probably take 3-4 levels before you hit rock, so get down there as soon as possible.
Why is it so important to hit rock? You'll want your craftsdwarf to start churning out as many rock crafts as possible. The higher his skill level, the better stuff you can sell and the more it's worth, so you'll want to get his skill level as high as possible. Use some of your lumber for bins to store all the crap in.
Dig out whatever workshops you want; carpenter, mason's, craftsdwarf are all the most important ones. Maybe a butcher to get rid of your muskox calves. Delicious steaks!
Also, an important thing is to built a meeting room that has some form of trap in it, like grates connected to a 3-floor-deep pit so you can lock your immigrants in and kill the first wave off. Seriously, until you start trading with the humans and elves you'll all starve to death. Too many mouths, not enough food.
Set your outpost leader with the social skills to start updating the stocks and he'll do that for ages until he's 1. legendary and 2. your stocks are all up-to-date. You may have to set the requirements lower so he will stop and go tend to the traders if they come and he's not finished yet. Build him a nice room with a table and throne.
Anyway, why do you have all these masons, you ask? Well, when using ice you can build walls, floors, and so forth with masonry. Therefore you can haul all your blocks of ice to the surface and get your masons to build you a fabulous outdoors castle made of ice. Best of all, building walls and floors automatically smooths them.
Eventually you'll want to trade for nothing but food and booze, and churn out craft after craft (disable your craftsman's hauling skills).
How long can you survive before your dwarves starve to death in the icy wastes?