Alright, i am getting the hang of it. I got a little underground base with beds, a table and chairs made, my miners are digging through a caravan deep underground, and I have my wood, gems, weapons and other stockpiles set up.
But I have a question about trading: How do I view how much cash I have? Also, when I trade, I select the items I want and then it has a "view stockpiles" option on the bottom of the screen. when I press that key, it lists a bunch of red numbers, what does that mean?
and then there's this screen that lists all the items I selected with a yellow percentage next to them, at the top of the percentage it says "price" although I don't really understand what that means.
About my weapons stockpile, how do I equip them to my dwarves?
I figured out the difference between Jobs, labors and skills and how to change the labors of my dwarves. I also learned that dwarves earn experience in skills, which is pretty cool.
For your first question there is no such thing as "cash" persay. You could mint coins, and that might be worth something, but thats the only real definition of cash. Every item you take in or export has a value attached to it, which varies based on material types, and how well your dwarves put them together. General crafts tend to be valuable, but weapons and armor are even more so. Anything with a sharp edge is extremely valuable.
For the view stock screen, red numbers are things you have, but are tied to the fort preventing them from being traded. Like a bed built in a bedroom, or a weapon of some description in use by one of your dwarves. You have a count of how many you have, but you can't sell or move an installed bed.
Weapons are only equipped by military dwarves which leads to a simple, and extremely convoluted interface known as the squads menu, accessed by S if I remember correctly. Best to look it up on the wiki. "It is terrifying". It recently got a bit better being able to assign specific things to specific dwarves, but it's still hit and miss.
The screen with all the "price" percentages is you setting up, or receiving a trade agreement with your liason. On your stage, you can request things from the dwarven caravan for them to bring in higher quantity/priority next year.
Not sure if this is a bug or not, but at the bottom of my screen it keeps repeatedly saying, "So and So cancels give food: no food available" when I have a lot of food in my food stockpiles.
Be sure that there's actually food, and not seeds in the stockpile. Seeds are by default forbidden to be cooked or eaten, and some seeds simply can't be eaten.
I suggest creating a zone with the I menu, and set it up on the outside, enabling plant gathering. It's a pretty easy way to keep your dwarves from starving until you get a proper farm going with competent (or greater) farmers.