You said that you are also unable to place a well even though you have ropes. Thus it is very likely that the problem is not just fixated on food or booze. Considering that normally, thirsty dwarves will find drink in this order:
- Booze
- If that is not available, water from a well(doesn't matter what kind of water it is AFAIK)
- If that is not available, fresh water
- If that is not available, stagnant water or salt water(whichever is closer)
Assuming that your site has a water source of some sort, and that you cannot place wells either, it is likely a pathing problem. (Unless you are forgetting that you need buckets, blocks and mechanisms too. Are you sure you have at least one of each of those?)
Pathing problems can be caused by some of the things that were already mentioned earlier in this thread, but I'm going through these again, just to be sure(please try all of those):
- Are other items in the fort being hauled and used fine? I know that it most likely is, but I am asking just to be sure.
- Are you sure there is no burrow restriction active? Although in the early game you probably haven't bothered around burrows yet, but it is still possible.
- Is there a fully clear and walkable path from any kind of water source and any dehydrated dwarf? To be sure, try tracing a path yourself from a thirsty or hungry dwarf that doesn't appear to be trying to go eat or drink. By moving the cursor from a stationary, thirsty dwarf to the nearest barrel that contains booze. (It doesn't have to be a barrel, it can be any item with booze or water in it, and it also doesn't actually have to be the nearest one.) If you discover that the path is somehow blocked, you should unblock by all means.
- No matter how much a dwarf needs it, under no circumstances will a dwarf try to use or even path to a forbidden item. You could go through each item manually and see if they are forbidden, but there's an easier way. Go to the designations menu by pressing "d", then press "b", and then move the cursor to the very highest and top-left-most square on the map. Press enter. Then do the same for the very lowest and bottom-right-most square on the map. Press enter again. This way you can be absolutely sure that all of your items on the fort are not forbidden.
- Have you imported a world from an older version? If so, what version did you import it from? Importing saves from older major versions such as 34.11 is almost guaranteed to cause many problems, although it would have been more likely to crash before causing problems like this.
- Since you mentioned that all of your embarks have had the same problem, the problem might be related to the world. Try generating a new world and embarking there, and see if it still happens. This likely won't do anything but it is worth a shot. Or the problem could be related to your copy of DF, which is a little more likely than it being related to the world. If you're willing to do some searching around, you can try "borrowing" a copy of a succession game and load it. See if the same problem occurs. If it does, then you should completely erase your DF folder. Of course, if you have ongoing saves or other stuff, you certainly want to back these up. You are of course free to do that but you should not load these saves again until you are sure that the problem is not related you your copy of DF.
- If the problem is related to the fact that you're running Masterwork, it may be because the save was generated in a vanilla copy of DF. If so, please load Masterwork DF and generate a new world on that. If that does not work you may get help on the masterwork forums.