In real life, it takes about 20 years for a pine grown specifically for lumber to reach 'maturity'. Most tree farms have at least 20 plots, and they harvest one plot per year. Of course pines are softwood, and thus grow relatively quickly (slower growth means harder wood). I'm not sure how long it would take to farm oak the same way, but it would be significantly longer than 20 years.
This is a reasonable description of common modern first-world practice, but isn't terribly medieval. Read up on
coppicing for a good start, and look at some historical forestry management records, which tend to also have singling and/or slower-rotating sub-plots to produce occasional larger lumber, and increase biodiversity (well, in original concept, to increase utility for overlapped use for hunting and possibly mast foraging). In short, the base rotational speed of a sub-plot varies with species and growth conditions (soil and weather mostly), from as low as three years for birch to as high as 50 years for oak; and some sub-plots or singles will be left to grow for two or even three rotations depending on local need for large timbers (ship masts, great hall or cathedral roof beams, etc.)