Instead of those laws being part of spheres, i'd rather see commandments being issued by the deities of those spheres to their followers.
Punishment could range from a slap on the proverbial wrist, to a plague, to permanent and ironic punishment (being turned into a wendigo for engaging in cannibalism)
Well I was intentionally trying to keep it simplified because I was going rather off topic. I was trying to completely avoid by what and how the punishments were dealt. The reason for this is I believe that, unless it's the type of fantasy world you want to simulate, deities alone are not good enough alone to completely handle "laws" and "punishments" alone.
Basically I would make it that there are powers outside of just deities of spheres. I can see up to three forces.
Gods - deities are what affects the mortal realm the most. However even the gods have to abide by laws. Deities would have to carve their own powers from the spheres. They are aligned to one or two "major" spheres and specialised in a couple of "minor" spheres. A deity can have it's own laws inside it's "shaped" spheres which allows for religious and cultural variations of their subordinates.
Natural Laws - Laws that either stem from nature itself or laws so ingrained into a culture it's become second nature. Almost all humans for example would have natural laws against things like murder, rape and cannibalism. Natural laws would generally be a lot lighter on the punishment making it more like the idea of "karma". Natural laws differ from spheres due to their much more passive and "neutral" behaviour. Natural laws are not governed by spheres.
Spheres - The most ancient of all laws and what governs the world. Spheres fight for dominance and control. They often give boons to those that align themselves to them. The forces have a bigger impact in the "god realms" but can't affect the mortal realms as easily. Spheres corrupt lands, attracts beasts and servants and will attempt to destroy anything of it's opposing sphere. Spheres would very rarely deal out "punishments" since it's more of the deity's obligation. To gain the "punishment" of a sphere would take an extremely powerful act and the sphere would be acting more in "self-defence" than any real idea of justice.
Using a system like this you could tweak world generation so it can generate different "genres" of fantasy. The standard would be the generic "high fantasy" mash-up. Lowering/removing the power of the gods and increasing the power of natural laws could generate a "dark fantasy" world. Increasing the power of the spheres and lowering the others would give you a very strange Planescape-esce setting where everything comes down to alignments. Increasing the power of the gods could get a very theocratic centred world where power comes from worship and wars are fought over heresy.
You've got me on a tangent and although I love discussing spheres/gods I think it's distracting from the main subject matter.