H.P. Lovecraft, he was sick throughout most of his childhood and also had night terrors throughout most of his life, influencing most of his work. He was also rather racist, believing that people of English descent had a superior culture and that opinion definitely influenced a lot of his work. Really, he's almost perfect for your situation.
Lovecraft is an interesting one, as has already been mentioned numerous times. Just thought I'd pop in a little point about his racism. While its true that he did go for the whole White English people the best, other races suck, mixed race people are definitely either in a cult, servants to the servants of unknowable cosmic horrors or hybrids with said horrors thing, its worth noting that this is really within the context of "and humanity is utterly insignificant" and shit". Also, the white/English decent characters, who are usually the protagonist, often come as close to releasing terrible horrors with their "science" just as regularly as any of the degenerate cults that pop up so often.
"or how the life of an author has changed over time with critiques citing specific pieces of literature."
Um, I'm guessing this is basically how has critical/audience view of them changed over time. In which case, lovecraft would be awesome 'cos you can come at it from the angle of "not appreciated/popular in his lifetime, later recognized as one of the most influential early 20th century horror writers to the point where critics/ the growing audience have to deal with the racial themes that would have been relatively uncontroversial, if a little right wing, in the authors own time".