It's a bit complicated to describe it, but I'll try.
You'll basically have to dig a spiral staircase with ramps. 2x2 would be most efficient, but 3x3 works better if you want to keep your fortress symmetrical.
3x3
z-level -1
000
00▲
0▼.
z-level -2
000
▼00
.▲0
2x2
z-level -1
0▲
0▼
z-level -2
00
▼▲
After you dug it out, carve tracks in the ramps and all the tiles on the staircase (d-T). Then, you'll have to build a track stop (b-C-S) on the smelter level and the marble level. Both stops have to be on a track tile, or they won't work. Set both to maximum friction, and the upper stop to dump in a direction of your choice (bot not on the tracks). This way, the marble will be emptied upstairs immediately and the minecart can be sent down again without having to wait for the dwarfs to unload it.
Set a marble stockpile downstairs and maybe upstairs, too. Then you'll have to wrestle with the hauling menu (h).
Press (r) for a new route, move the cursor to one of the track stops and press (s), repeat with the other stop. You'll probably see some error like "Set dir/connect track" now, but don't worry. Choose the upper stop (Enter) and set the correct direction of the track with (d). You should also delete the two lower conditions with (x) and set the remaining condition to push the minecart (p).
Choose the lower stop, set the direction, but keep the conditions with this one. Minecarts should be guided upstairs by default. Now you'll have to set your desired items (Enter). This works like the stockpile menu, just choose stones, then marble.
Now you'll have to link your stockpiles to the stops. Choose your lower stop, move the cursor to the marble stockpile and press (s). That should do it.
Now you can mess with the timing, if you want. You should definitely set the upper stop to push the minecart immediately down when it's empty. Pick your condition and go to advanced conditions (C). Press (m) until it says "Push when empty of any items" or something like that. Also, press (t) to set the time to "immediately".
If you're feeling brave, you could also mess with the conditions on the lower stop, but those should be good for now. All that's left to do is to set the right minecart. Choose your route and press (v), then pick a minecart. I recommend a cart that's made of a light material like wood, but it doesn't make a huge difference.
Now, if you did all that, the dwarfs should put a minecart on the lower stop, fill it with marble, guide it upstairs, empty it and push it down again.
If they don't do that, just ask more questions here. Good luck!