In the entire time playing dwarf fortress, I have only ever had a few industrial accidents (bridges, water and magma mostly). However, I feel as if my fortress should be a dangerous place to work, where dwarves routinely get injured or killed in industrial accidents.
What brought this up was the implementation of mine carts, dwarves should have accidents often with them, for example, derailment and falling out of mine carts. I imagine that falling out of a mine cart would be fairly common in a dwarven fortress.
Likewise, the same thing should happen with ledges, dwarves should slip and trip off ledges, they should fall in water and potentially drown.
When mining, maybe make mini cave-ins happen sometimes, or just dwarves having rocks fall on their head. Coal explosions as well, those are fairly common in real life even these days. Lung damage used to be common among miners as well.
When handling sharp things, dwarves should sometimes cut themselves and require sutures at the hospital.
Lumberjacks should have trees fall on them, as well as axe accidents.
Dwarves working with flames should sustain burns.
Adding all this stuff in would make hospitals much more important and useful, it would also get rid of some of your excessive amount of dwarves you have floating around. It would be based a lot on skill level as well, a legendary woodcutter will have a much smaller chance of lopping their foot off as a novice one.